Dis/value in co-production, co-design and co-innovation for individuals, groups and society

IMPACTThe traditional public service ethos needs to be challenged by including citizens/users in developing and improving services. However, the often one-sided positive accounts of co-production, co-design co-innovation risk managers policy-makers involving when it may inappropriate and/or cause more harm than good. This article explains these ‘co-concepts’ suggests how should balance with potential negative (disvalue) aspects enable a useful practice citizen/user involvement.